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The self-assembly of proteins into beta-sheet-rich amyloid fibrils has been observed to occur with sigmoidal kinetics, indicating that the system initially is trapped in a metastable state. Here, we use a minimal lattice-based model to explore the thermodynamic forces driving amyloid formation in a finite canonical (NVT) system. By means of generalized-ensemble Monte Carlo techniques and a semi-an
The assumption of wide-sense-stationarity (WSS) and uncorrelated scattering (US) of wireless propagation channels is widespread for the design and analysis of wireless propagation channels. However, the assumption is only valid within a limited range. In this paper, we investigate the extension of this range not only in time (WSS), but also in frequency (US), for measured vehicular propagation cha
Aims/hypothesis: Children participating in longitudinal type 1 diabetes prediction studies were reported to have less severe disease at diabetes diagnosis. Our aim was to investigate children who from birth participated in the Diabetes Prediction in Skane (DiPiS) study for metabolic status at diagnosis and then continued to be followed for 2 yr of regular clinical care. Methods: Children, followed
Two different mathematical methods of implementing a detailed kinetic soot model have been employed in this work. The theoretical description of the soot modeling employed in this work is divided into three parts. Initially a detailed kinetic soot model is described from a chemistry and physics perspective. The soot model is then elaborated into mathematical form, starting with the formulation of
Abstract in UndeterminedStrategic recollection refers to control processes that allow the retrieval of information that is relevant for a specific situation. These processes can be studied in memory exclusion tasks, which require the retrieval of particular kinds of episodic information. In the current study, we investigated strategic recollection in reality monitoring by event-related potentials
The meaning of the word cavitation is not known or understandable for many people. The definition which is commonly known about such phenomena is that the formation of cavities or bubbles is encouraged by a pressure change in the surroundings. However, cavitation is much more complex. A large amount of research work and studies on the dynamics of the cavitation phenomenon via numerical investigati
Popular Abstract in Swedish Studier av enstaka makromolekyler gör det möjligt att få insikt i och karakterisera viktiga biologiska processer. DNA, livets molekyl, är av särskilt intresse här. I denna avhandling användar vi metoder från statistisk fysik för att studera olika aspekter av DNA i nanokanaler och dess smältegenskaper. DNA-smältning är inte bara relevant för förståelsen av denna molekylsInvestigation of single macromolecules makes it possible to gain insight into and characterize important biological processes. DNA as the molecule of life is of special interest here. In this thesis tools from statistical physics are used to study different aspects of DNA confined to nanochannels, with particular regard to its denaturation properties. The study of DNA melting from the theoretical
To improve gas turbine performance, the operating temperature has been increased continuously. However, the heat transferred to the turbine blade is substantially increased as the turbine inlet temperature is increased. Cooling methods are therefore needed for the turbine blades to ensure a long durability and safe operation. The blade tip region is exposed to the hot gas flow and is difficult to
Popular Abstract in Swedish Allt liv på jorden har utvecklats i en vattenbaserad miljö. Proteiner och andra biomolekyler har därigenom anpassats i sin struktur och funktion till vattnets speciella egenskaper. För att kunna förstå biologiska processer måste vi studera hur biomolekyler växelverkar med det omgivande vattnet under fysiologiska betingelser. Detta är särkilt viktigt eftersom det flesta The results presented in this thesis demonstrate that the magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD) technique can provide information of relevance to protein biophysics, magnetic resonance imaging and cell biology. By immobilizing proteins with covalent cross-links, intermittent protein dynamics on the previously inaccessible ns-µs time scale could be probed with MRD via the exchange of water molecule
The interaction behavior of DNA with different types of hydroxylated cationic surfactants has been studied. Attention was directed to how the introduction of hydroxyl substituents at the headgroup of the cationic surfactants affects the compaction of DNA. The DNA-cationic surfactant interaction was investigated at different charge ratios by several methods like UV melting, ethidium bromide exclusi
Galectins are implicated in a large variety of biological functions, many of which depend on their carbohydrate-binding ability. Fifteen members of the family have been identified in vertebrates based on binding to galactose (Gal) that is mediated by one or two, evolutionarily conserved, carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs). Variations in glycan structures expressed on glycoconjugates at the ce
It has recently been shown that damped endogenous dynamics is a common feature in Finnish grouse species; In this paper, we demonstrate that time-variant harvesting may turn damped dynamics to quasi-periodic fluctuations. Exploited populations, e.g. grouse, may therefore fluctuate more than expected if we do not manage to keep the harvest fraction constant over time. However, the harvest fraction
OBJECTIVE--To investigate whether a lack of glutathione-S-transferase mu (GSTM1) activity was related to an increased risk for adverse outcome after asbestos exposure. METHODS--A study was made of 78 male former asbestos cement workers, with retrospective cohort data on exposure, radiographical findings, and lung function. Venous blood samples were obtained for the analysis of GSTM1 polymorphism b
In this paper we investigate the structure and motion problem for calibrated one-dimensional projections of a two-dimensional environment. The theory of one-dimensional cameras are useful in several areas, e.g. within robotics, autonomous guided vehicles, projection of lines in ordinary vision and vision of vehicles undergoing so called planar motion. In a previous paper the structure and motion p
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vad säger notbilden? Notation är av central betydelse i västerländsk tonal musik. Repertoarens utsträckning över flera århundraden gör det angeläget att studera hur musikaliskt innehåll medieras genom notation. I denna studie har strategiskt utvalda musikers sätt att ta sig an noterna till tonal musik undersökts. Slutsatser har dragits beträffande notbildens funktionerAbstract Centering on notation is a characteristic of Western tonal music. The printed scores are expected to provide the necessary information on musical expression. In this study, strategically selected contemporary musicians’ ways of under-standing the printed scores are investigated. All participants are thoroughly familiar with musical practice in Western tonal tradition. The intention is to
Paper A investigates how to simulate a differentiated mean in cases where interchanging differentiation and expectation is not allowed. Three approaches are available, finite differences (FD's), infinitesimal perturbation analysis (IPA) and the likelihood ratio score function (LRSF) method. We study FD's under discontinuities and show that the optimal decay rate of the mean square error is typical
The effect of loss of bond for longitudinal reinforcement on the structural behavior of RC beams is investigated in a test series of six beams where nominal length without bond is varied. Loss of bond is created with plastic tubes surrounding the longitudinal reinforcement leaving short bonded lengths over support and at positions where stirrups are crossing the longitudinal reinforcement. Using a
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling är resultatet av mitt doktorandarbete vid Kvartärgeologiska avdelningen, Geologiska institutionen, Lunds universitet. Avhandlingen baseras på resultaten av fältarbeten i ett antal lokaler i ett område väster om sjön Bolmen i sydvästra Sverige. Introduktion och bakgrund Weichselistidens recession från södra Sverige har diskuterats av olika geologer undeThe Late Weichselian deglaciation of an area in southwestern Sweden was reconstructed by geomorphological, sedimentological and lithostratigraphical methods. The morainic deposits were mapped and classified into three landsystems: Streamlined terrain, hummocky moraine and cover moraine. Streamlined terrain was assumed to have been formed subglacially by a wet-based ice sheet. Cover moraine was int
The thesis deals mainly with offshore engineering related problems where the dominant source of uncertainty is related to the loading. Loads arise from environmental random processes; e.g. waves, currents and winds. Complex as they are, such processes beg the consideration of randomness whence the need of associating probabilistic models to the engineering problems treated here. Two different typ
The genomes that organisms transmit between generations contain information about different kinds of functions. The genome with the "best" mix and number of genes for these functions is the one that natural selection favours. Here I introduce a new way to model simple organisms with genes for external and internal functions, and use it to study the evolution of genome size. The external functions
